Defences & distortions

Appendix II of Fish's — two related but distinct families: classical psychoanalytic defence mechanisms, and Beck/Ellis-style cognitive distortions.

Defence mechanisms

• Altruism
• Denial
• Displacement
• Idealisation
• Identification with the Aggressor
• Projection
• Projective Identification
• Rationalisation
• Reaction Formation
• Repression
• Somatosensory Amplification
• Splitting
• Sublimation

Cognitive distortions

• All-or-Nothing Thinking
• Approval-Seeking
• Comparison
• Disqualifying the Positive
• Emotional Reasoning
• Fallacy of Fairness
• Jumping to Conclusions
• Labelling and Mislabelling
• Magnification and Minimisation
• Mental Filtering
• Overgeneralisation
• Perfectionism
• Personalisation
• Reductionism
• Self-Righteous Cognitions
• Should Statements
• 'Woe Is Me'